{"id":16759,"date":"2022-12-07T18:31:09","date_gmt":"2022-12-07T17:31:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sdhjevicko.cz\/?page_id=16759"},"modified":"2022-12-07T18:31:09","modified_gmt":"2022-12-07T17:31:09","slug":"oxid-uhelnaty-tichy-zabijak","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sdhjevicko.cz\/?page_id=16759","title":{"rendered":"Oxid uhelnat\u00fd = \u201etich\u00fd zabij\u00e1k\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

St\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji vyj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00ed hasi\u010di v cel\u00e9 \u010cesk\u00e9 republice na \u017e\u00e1dost zdravotn\u00edk\u016f k m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed koncentrace oxidu uhelnat\u00e9ho (CO) v domech a bytech. Bohu\u017eel, u\u017e byly p\u0159\u00edpady s fat\u00e1ln\u00edmi n\u00e1sledky. Je proto spr\u00e1vn\u00e9, d\u016frazn\u011b upozornit spoluob\u010dany na mo\u017en\u00e1 rizika. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm u plynov\u00fdch spot\u0159ebi\u010d\u016f (oh\u0159\u00edva\u010de vody, plynov\u00e9 kotle) je nutn\u00e9 zajistit dostate\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsun vzduchu a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee nepodcenit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxid uhelnat\u00fd ve\u0161el do podv\u011bdom\u00ed tak\u00e9 jako tzv. \u201etich\u00fd zabij\u00e1k\u201c. Jedn\u00e1 se o plyn bez barvy, chuti a z\u00e1pachu, kter\u00fd je leh\u010d\u00ed ne\u017e vzduch. Jeho identifikace smyslov\u00fdmi org\u00e1ny \u010dlov\u011bka je nemo\u017en\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oxid uhelnat\u00fd se v\u00e1\u017ee na hemoglobin (\u010derven\u00e9 krvinky), a to 250x rychleji a 300x siln\u011bji ne\u017e kysl\u00edk a vznik\u00e1 tak karboxyhemoglobin, kter\u00fd zabra\u0148uje kysl\u00edku v\u00e1zat se na \u010derven\u00e9 krvinky. Doch\u00e1z\u00ed tak k nedostate\u010dn\u00e9mu okysli\u010den\u00ed mozku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kde se oxid uhelnat\u00fd bere<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tento \u201esmrteln\u00fd plyn\u201c se vyskytuje v\u0161ude kolem n\u00e1s. V b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m ovzdu\u0161\u00ed je jeho koncentrace minim\u00e1ln\u00ed a nen\u00ed nijak nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd. Jinak tomu je v dom\u00e1cnosti, kde se p\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed plynov\u00fdch spot\u0159ebi\u010d\u016f koncentrace zvy\u0161uje. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm nebezpe\u010d\u00edm tak jsou nedostate\u010dn\u011b v\u011btran\u00e9 prostory, nap\u0159. koupelny s instalovan\u00fdm kotlem nebo pr\u016ftokov\u00fdm oh\u0159\u00edva\u010dem. Bohu\u017eel trend posledn\u00edch let je, co nejv\u00edce odizolovat na\u0161e dom\u00e1cnosti a t\u00edm zvy\u0161ovat riziko zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 koncentrace CO. V\u00fdm\u011bna nov\u00fdch oken, vstupn\u00edch dve\u0159\u00ed do bytu \u010di p\u0159\u00edmo do m\u00edstnosti s plynov\u00fdm spot\u0159ebi\u010dem (nap\u0159. koupelna) a ucp\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011btrac\u00edch otvor\u016f ve fas\u00e1d\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee siln\u011b zm\u011bnit tahov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky plynov\u00e9ho topidla. To, co v minul\u00e9m topn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed plynov\u00e9mu spot\u0159ebi\u010di vyhovovalo, nap\u0159. net\u011bsnost oken a dve\u0159\u00ed kudy se p\u0159is\u00e1val kysl\u00edk, se n\u00e1hle st\u00e1v\u00e1 probl\u00e9mem. Pak je\u0161t\u011b aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky v podob\u011b inverze zap\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u00ed \u0161patn\u00fd tah kom\u00edna a zdravotn\u00ed probl\u00e9m je na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vliv na tah topidla m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt nap\u0159. nevhodn\u011b um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fd nov\u00fd v\u00fdkonn\u00fd kuchy\u0148sk\u00fd odsava\u010d par, kter\u00fd po sepnut\u00ed strhne proud odv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch spalin sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed ze spalovac\u00ed komory a v\u00fdm\u011bn\u00edku ke kou\u0159ovodu a nasm\u011bruje ho k\u00a0digesto\u0159i ve vedlej\u0161\u00ed m\u00edstnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
Neudr\u017eovan\u00e1 topidla<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Prostory mus\u00ed b\u00fdt dostate\u010dn\u011b v\u011btran\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V ka\u017ed\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti, kde je um\u00edst\u011bn plynov\u00fd spot\u0159ebi\u010d mus\u00ed b\u00fdt dostate\u010dn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem zaji\u0161t\u011bno v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed. V \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nesm\u00ed prostory, kde je instalovan\u00fd spot\u0159ebi\u010d (koupelna, kuchy\u0148, kotelna) z\u016fstat zcela uzav\u0159eny!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je nutn\u00e9 ponechat otev\u0159en\u00fd pr\u016fchod \u010di otvor dostate\u010dn\u00e9 velikosti (otev\u0159en\u00e9 dve\u0159e, v\u011btrac\u00ed okno, v\u011btrac\u00ed otvor, \u0161achta, sv\u011btl\u00edk, aj.). P\u0159i provozu plynov\u00e9ho spot\u0159ebi\u010de a ho\u0159en\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed kysl\u00edku obsa\u017een\u00e9ho v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Pokud je kysl\u00edku dostatek, molekula uhl\u00edku obsa\u017een\u00e1 v metanu (zemn\u00edm plynu) se ho\u0159en\u00edm p\u0159em\u011bn\u00ed na oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd. P\u0159i nemo\u017enosti cirkulace \u010derstv\u00e9ho vzduchu doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke spot\u0159eb\u011b kysl\u00edku a molekuly uhl\u00edku se p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed jednak na oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd a k tomu na velmi jedovat\u00fd oxid uhelnat\u00fd a to je \u0161patn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak se otrava oxidem uhelnat\u00fdm projev\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u00edrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky otravy lze lehce zam\u011bnit se zcela jin\u00fdmi onemocn\u011bn\u00edmi. Otrava v t\u00e9to form\u011b se projevuje nevolnost\u00ed, zvracen\u00edm, bolestmi hlavy, bolest\u00ed na hrudi, z\u00e1vrat\u011bmi nebo slabost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech je nutn\u00e9 vyhledat l\u00e9ka\u0159skou pomoc a zdravotnick\u00fd person\u00e1l upozornit na podez\u0159en\u00ed z otravy oxidem uhelnat\u00fdm a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed se probl\u00e9my s provozem plynov\u00fdch spot\u0159ebi\u010d\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159i z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm stupni otravy potom p\u0159istupuj\u00ed neurologick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k poru\u0161e v\u011bdom\u00ed. Nezbytn\u00e9 je potom na m\u00edsto povolat z\u00e1chran\u00e1\u0159e a prostory za\u010d\u00edt okam\u017eit\u011b odv\u011btr\u00e1vat \u010di p\u0159\u00edmo opustit a p\u0159ej\u00edt do venkovn\u00edho nezamo\u0159en\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zn\u00e1mky lehk\u00e9 intoxikace oxidem uhelnat\u00fdm se objevuj\u00ed p\u0159i p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b asi 10 a\u017e 25 % hemoglobinu na karboxylhemoglobin. Jde o bolesti hlavy, z\u00e1vrat\u011b, nevolnost, otupen\u00ed my\u0161len\u00ed a p\u0159ekrven\u00ed ve tv\u00e1\u0159i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

St\u0159edn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 hladina karboxylhemoglobinu v krvi (25 a\u017e 45 %) se projevuje zmatenost, zvracen\u00ed, ospalost a\u017e bezv\u011bdom\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 intoxikace je prov\u00e1zena obsazen\u00edm p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 45 a\u017e 60 % hemoglobinu oxidem uhelnat\u00fdm a projevuje se k\u0159e\u010demi, bezv\u011bdom\u00edm s poruchami dechu, \u0161okov\u00fdm stavem a fixovan\u00fdm roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm zornic a n\u00e1sledn\u011b smrt\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 koncentrace oxidu uhelnat\u00e9ho:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

200 ppm<\/strong> *) M\u00edrn\u00e1 bolest hlavy, \u00fanava, z\u00e1vra\u0165, nevolnost po 2-3 hodin\u00e1ch.
400 ppm<\/strong> *) Bolest p\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti hlavy po 1-2 hodin\u00e1ch, \u017eivotu nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd stav po 3 hodin\u00e1ch.
800 ppm<\/strong> *) Nevolnost, z\u00e1vrat\u011b a k\u0159e\u010de do 45 minut. Bezv\u011bdom\u00ed do 2 hodin. Smrt b\u011bhem 2-3 hodin.
1600 ppm<\/strong> *) Nevolnost, z\u00e1vrat\u011b a k\u0159e\u010de do 20 minut. Smrt b\u011bhem 1 hodiny.
6400 ppm<\/strong> *) Nevolnost, z\u00e1vrat\u011b a k\u0159e\u010de b\u011bhem 1-2 minut. Smrt b\u011bhem 10-15 minut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* ppm (parts per milion) \u2013 \u010d\u00e1stic na 1 milion. 10 000 ppm = 1%obj.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak otrav\u011b p\u0159edch\u00e1zet<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b prevence. Spot\u0159ebi\u010de v dom\u00e1cnosti mus\u00edme instalovat a pou\u017e\u00edvat v souladu s n\u00e1vodem v\u00fdrobce. Kontrolu a servis spot\u0159ebi\u010d\u016f doporu\u010dujeme prov\u00e9st jednou ro\u010dn\u011b opr\u00e1vn\u011bnou osobou. P\u0159i rekonstrukci dom\u00e1cnosti zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na zateplen\u00ed a v\u00fdm\u011bnu oken mus\u00edme myslet na zachov\u00e1n\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu vzduchu k plynov\u00e9mu topidlu a v\u0161e konzultovat s odborn\u00edkem na instalaci plynov\u00fdch topidel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pravideln\u011b jedenkr\u00e1t ro\u010dn\u011b mus\u00ed b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bna kontrola spalin a kom\u00edn\u016f se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 spoje, viditeln\u00fd rez a za\u0161pin\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pamatujte na to, \u017ee kuchy\u0148sk\u00fd spor\u00e1k nebo plynov\u00fd va\u0159i\u010d se nikdy nesm\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat k vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed obytn\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dom\u00e1cnost vybavte detektorem<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V dom\u00e1cnosti by nem\u011bl chyb\u011bt detektor oxidu uhelnat\u00e9ho. Toto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se umis\u0165uje p\u0159\u00edmo do obytn\u00fdch m\u00edstnost\u00ed a je nap\u00e1jeno z b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 baterie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00a0dostupn\u00fdch statistik vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee detektor oxidu uhelnat\u00e9ho je schopen zabr\u00e1nit a\u017e polovin\u011b otrav. Pochopiteln\u011b je nezbytn\u011b nutn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat detektor dle n\u00e1vodu v\u00fdrobce a pravideln\u011b v\u00a0n\u011bm m\u011bnit baterie. Zazn\u00ed-li alarm detektoru, pak na nic ne\u010dekejte, opus\u0165te prostory a nebojte se p\u0159ivolat z\u00e1chran\u00e1\u0159e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
Hl\u00e1si\u010d \u00faniku CO<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

St\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji vyj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00ed hasi\u010di v cel\u00e9 \u010cesk\u00e9 republice na \u017e\u00e1dost zdravotn\u00edk\u016f k m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed koncentrace oxidu uhelnat\u00e9ho (CO) v domech a bytech. Bohu\u017eel, u\u017e byly p\u0159\u00edpady s fat\u00e1ln\u00edmi n\u00e1sledky. Je proto spr\u00e1vn\u00e9, d\u016frazn\u011b upozornit spoluob\u010dany na mo\u017en\u00e1 rizika. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm u plynov\u00fdch spot\u0159ebi\u010d\u016f (oh\u0159\u00edva\u010de vody, plynov\u00e9 kotle) je nutn\u00e9 zajistit dostate\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsun vzduchu a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee nepodcenit. Oxid uhelnat\u00fd ve\u0161el […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":16743,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16759","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sdhjevicko.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16759","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sdhjevicko.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sdhjevicko.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sdhjevicko.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sdhjevicko.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=16759"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sdhjevicko.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16759\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16762,"href":"https:\/\/sdhjevicko.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16759\/revisions\/16762"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sdhjevicko.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16743"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sdhjevicko.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=16759"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}